LANDIS (Laboratory of Non Destructive Analysis in situ) is an application laboratory providing innovative X-ray technologies for the non-destructive characterization of cultural heritage and archaeological materials. To date analytical X-ray physics is well-established among scholars (archaeologists, art historians, conservation scientists, etc.)  since it offers the possibility to approach questions concerning knowledge and conservation of artworks with safe and even in situ. Cultural heritage are complex materials with a heterogeneous composition and a three dimensional layered structure. For this reason, their investigation requires the use of analytical techniques with high chemical sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Techniques developed by LANDIS are mostly based on X-Ray Spectrometry and Ion Beam Analysis. They allow the local compositional investigation (portable PIXE and XRF) of samples; the two-dimensional or three-dimensional elemental imaging (Scanning micro XRF, Scanning macro XRF, Full Field XRF and confocal XRF); the mineralogical characterization (portable XRD). In addition, the possibility to use accelerated charged particles beams in a broad energy range (few MeV– 80 MeV in the case of protons) allowed the LANDIS group to develop analytical nuclear techniques (PIXE, Scanning macro PIXE, Full Field PIXE, Proton Activation Analysis and Prompt Gamma Emission Analysis) specifically devoted to ancient materials investigation.